The regulations of the Swiss food law are to be found in different, hierarchically arranged orders. The Swiss Confederation has issued the Federal Food and Commodities Act for the protection of the consumer according to article 97 of the Federal Swiss Constitution. The regulations on food and commodities which are based on this act contains fundamental, horizontal regulations, which must be specified by the Upper House of Parliament. Regulations on ingredients and additives, regulations on hygiene, practice and declaration provide a guarantee for food safety and protection against fraud. Detailed regulations concerning individual classes of foods can be found in vertical regulations, which can be adapted and revised if necessary on a departmental level.